'shamananic' roots of the P�shupata's 'epileptic' trance

Daniel H. H. Ingalls, "Cynics and Pupatas: The Seeking of Dishonor," The Harvard Theological Review, vol. 55 no.4 (1961), pp.281–298, also points out the Greek parallels; cf. Mircea Eliade, Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy, Bollingen Series no. 76 (New Jersey: Princeton Univ. Press, 1964), pp.411,414; and especially my "Semiotic Definition of Transgressive Sacrality" in Sunthar Visuvalingam, "The Transgressive Sacrality of the D�kshita: Sacrifice, Bhakti and Criminality in the Hindu Tradition," in Alf Hiltebeitel, ed., Criminal Gods and Demon Devotees (Albany: Suny Press, 1989)(), pp.427–62.